![]() The two fundamental characteristics of stem cells are the ability of unlimited self-regeneration and the production of at least one type of differentiated progeny cells. Keywords: totipotent stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, transdifferentiation, endothelial progenitor cells, myeloid lineage, lymphoid lineage Abbreviations This review spans around the therapeutic applications of these three major types of stem cells. ![]() Additionally, they are shown to serve as a gene delivery vehicle in vivo. In contrast, Multipotent stem cells also promises self-renewal as well as demonstrates plasticity to transdifferentiate into muscle, skeletal, liver, kidney, muscle, skin, neural, and cardiac cell lineages. Also, the prospects for reprogramming human somatic cells into induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells have heralded a new era in the field of Stem Cell Therapeutics. Similarly, Pluripotent stem cells have been made to differentiate into neural tissues, insulin secreting cells, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic cells, osteoblasts, endothelial cells and hepatocytes successfully. Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into 200 cell types of the body and also has the ability to reconstitute a stem cell-deprived organ, thereby opening ways to tissue regeneration and replacement therapies respectively. Stem cells may broadly be classified into totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent and each of these classes show enormous therapeutic function. And the realizations of their therapeutic potential, promises sustainable cure for previously untreated diseases. ![]() The discovery of stem cells opened up a whole new arena of research for scientists. ![]()
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